Historical Influences of Mathematics (Part 3/3)

Three factors—the needs of the subject, the child, and the society—have influenced what mathematics is to be taught in schools. Many people think that “math is math” and never changes. In this three-part series, we briefly discuss these three factors and paint a different picture: mathematics is a subject that is ever-changing.

In this third and final part, we discuss the-

Needs of the Society

The usefulness of mathematics in everyday life and in many vocations has also affected what is taught and when it is taught. In early America, mathematics was considered necessary primarily for clerks and bookkeepers. The curriculum was limited to counting, the simpler procedures for addition, subtraction, and multiplication, and some facts about measures and fractions. By the late nineteenth century, business and commerce had advanced to the point. that mathematics was considered important for everyone. The arithmetic curriculum expanded to include such topics as percentages, ratios and proportions, powers, roots, and series.

This emphasis on social utility, on teaching what was needed for use in occupations, continued into the twentieth century. One of the most vocal advocates of social utility was Guy Wilson. He and his students conducted numerous surveys to determine what arithmetic was actually used by carpenters, shopkeepers, and other workers. He believed that the dominating aim of the school mathematics program should be to teach those skills and only those skills.

In the 1950s, the outburst of public concern over the “space race” resulted in a wave of research and development in mathematics curricula. Much of this effort was focused on teaching the mathematically talented student. By the mid-1960s, however, concern was also being expressed for the disadvantaged student as U.S. society renewed its commitment to equality of opportunity. With each of these changes, more and better mathematical achievement was promised.

In the 1970s, when it became apparent that the promise of greater achievement had not fully materialised, another swing in curriculum development occurred. Emphasis was again placed on the skills needed for success in the real world. The minimal competency movement stressed the basics. As embodied in sets of objectives and in tests, the basics were considered to be primarily addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with whole numbers and fractions. Thus, the skills needed in colonial times were again being considered by many to be the sole necessities, even though children were now living in a world with calculators, computers, and other features of a much more technological society.

By the 1980s, it was acknowledged that no one knew exactly what skills were needed for the future but that everyone needed to be able to solve problems. The emphasis on problem-solving matured through the last 20 years of the century to the point where problem-solving was not seen as a separate topic but as a way to learn and use mathematics.

Today, one need of our society is for a workforce that is competitive in the world. There is a call for school mathematics to ensure that students are ready for workforce training programs or college.

Conclusion

International Mathematics Olympiad play a vital role in shaping the intellectual and analytical landscape of society. They not only foster critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and creativity among students but also prepare them to tackle complex real-world issues. By encouraging young minds to engage with challenging mathematical concepts, Olympiads help cultivate a future generation of scientists, engineers, economists, and leaders who can drive innovation and progress. Moreover, the collaborative and competitive nature of these competitions promotes a culture of academic excellence and perseverance.

As we face increasingly complex global challenges, the importance of nurturing a strong foundation in mathematics through Olympiads cannot be overstated. They are not just competitions; they are essential platforms for equipping society with the tools and mindset needed to build a better, more informed, and innovative world.

 

 


Historical Influences of Mathematics (Part 2 Of 3)

Three factors—the needs of the subject, the child, and the society—have influenced what mathematics is to be taught in schools. Many people think that “math is math” and never changes. This three-part series briefly discusses these three factors and paints a different picture: mathematics is an ever-changing subject.

We have already discussed the Needs of the Subject in the previous blog. In this second part, we discuss-

Needs of the Child

The mathematics curriculum has been influenced by beliefs and knowledge about how children learn and, ultimately, about how they should be taught. Before the early years of the twentieth century, mathematics was taught to train “mental faculties” or provide “mental discipline.” Struggling with mathematical procedures was thought to exercise the mind (like muscles are exercised), helping children’s brains work more effectively. Around the turn of the twentieth century, “mental discipline” was replaced by connectionism, the belief that learning established bonds, or connections, between a stimulus and responses. This led teachers to the endless use of drills aimed at establishing important mathematical connections.

In the 1920s, the Progressive movement advocated incidental learning, reflecting the belief that children would learn as much arithmetic as they needed and would learn it better if it was not systematically taught. The teacher’s role was to take advantage of situations when they occurred naturally as well as to create situations in which arithmetic would arise.

During the late 1920s, the Committee of Seven, a committee of school superintendents and principals from midwestern cities, surveyed pupils to find out when they mastered various topics. Based on that survey, the committee recommended teaching mathematics topics according to students’ mental age. For example, subtraction facts under 10 were to be taught to children with a mental age of 6 years 7 months and facts over 10 at 7 years 8 months; subtraction with borrowing or carrying was to be taught at 8 years 9 months. The recommendations of the Committee of Seven had a strong impact on the sequencing of the curriculum for years afterward.

Another change in thinking occurred in the mid-1930s, under the influence of field theory, or Gestalt theory. A 1954 article by William A. Brownell (2006), a prominent mathematics education researcher, showed the benefits of encouraging insight and the understanding of relationships, structures, patterns, interpretations, and principles. His research contributed to an increased focus on learning as a process that led to meaning and understanding. The value of drill was acknowledged, but it was given less importance than understanding; drill was no longer the major means of providing instruction.

The relative importance of drill and understanding is still debated today. In this debate, people often treat understanding and learning skills as if they are opposites, but this is not the case. The drill is necessary to build speed and accuracy and to make skills automatic. But equally clearly, you need to know why as well as how. Both skills and understanding must be developed, and they can be developed together with the help of International Maths Challenge sample questions.

Changes in the field of psychology have continued to affect education. During the second half of the twentieth century, educators came to understand that the developmental level of the child is a major factor in determining the sequence of the curriculum. Topics cannot be taught until children are developmentally ready to learn them. Or, from another point of view, topics must be taught in such a way that children at a given developmental level are ready to learn them.

Research has provided increasing evidence that children construct their own knowledge. In so doing, they make sense of the mathematics and feel that they can tackle new problems. Thus, helping children learn mathematics means being aware of how children have constructed mathematics from their experiences both in and out of school.

End Note

As we have explored, a child’s journey through mathematics is deeply intertwined with their cognitive development, critical thinking skills, and overall academic success. By addressing their individual needs, providing appropriate support, and fostering a positive learning environment, we lay the foundation for a lifelong appreciation and understanding of mathematics. But what about the broader context? How does mathematics serve society at large, and what influences has it made in history? In our next blog, we will delve into these questions, examining the societal needs in mathematics and its profound impact on the course of human history.


Historical Influences of Mathematics (Part 1/3)

Three factors—the needs of the subject, the child, and the society—have influenced what mathematics is to be taught in schools. Many people think that “math is math” and never changes. This three-part series briefly discusses these three factors and paints a different picture: mathematics is an ever-changing subject.

In the first part, we discuss-

Needs of the Subject

The nature of mathematics helps determine what is taught and when it is taught in elementary grades. For example, number work begins with whole numbers, then fractions and decimals. Length is studied before area. Such seemingly natural sequences are the result of long years of curricular evolution. This process has involved much analysis of what constitutes a progression from easy to difficult, based in part on what is deemed necessary at one level to develop ideas at later levels. Once a curriculum is in place for a long time, however, people tend to consider it the only proper sequence. Thus, omitting a topic or changing the sequence of issues often involves a struggle for acceptance. However, research shows that all students do not always learn in the sequence that has been ingrained in our curriculum.

Sometimes, the process of change is the result of an event, such as when the Soviet Union sent the first Sputnik into orbit. The shock of this evidence of another country’s technological superiority sped curriculum change in the United States. The “new math” of the 1950s and 1960s was the result, and millions of dollars were channeled into mathematics and science education to strengthen school programs. Mathematicians became integrally involved. Because of their interests and the perceived weaknesses of previous curricula, they developed curricula based on the needs of the subject. The emphasis shifted from social usefulness to such unifying themes as the structure of mathematics, operations and their inverses, systems of notation, properties of numbers, and set language. New content was added at the elementary school level, and other topics were introduced at earlier grade levels.

Mathematics continues to change; new mathematics is created, and new uses of mathematics are discovered. As part of this change, technology has made some mathematics obsolete and has opened the door for other mathematics to be accessible to students. Think about all the mathematics you learned in elementary school. How much of this can be done on a simple calculator? What mathematics is now important because of the technology available today?

As mathematical research progresses and new theories and applications emerge, the curriculum must adapt to incorporate these advancements. For example, the development of computer science has introduced concepts such as algorithms and computational thinking into mathematics education. These topics were not traditionally part of the elementary curriculum but have become essential due to their relevance in today’s technology-driven world. Additionally, as interdisciplinary fields like data science and quantitative biology grow, there is a pressing need to equip students with skills in statistics, probability, and data analysis from an early age, and here, the International Maths Challenge is playing a crucial role. This integration ensures that students are prepared for future academic and career opportunities that increasingly rely on mathematical literacy. Furthermore, globalization and the interconnected nature of modern societies require students to understand complex systems and patterns, necessitating the introduction of topics such as systems theory and network analysis. Consequently, the curriculum evolves not only to preserve the integrity and progression of mathematical concepts but also to reflect the dynamic and ever-expanding landscape of mathematical applications in the real world.

End Note

In the next blog, we will move towards the second factor: understanding the need for mathematics in a child’s education can set a foundation for problem-solving, logical thinking, and even everyday decision-making. In the following blog, we will delve into why mathematics is not just a subject but a vital tool for a child’s overall development and future success. Stay tuned for further updates!


Enhancing Mathematics Education Through Effective Feedback

Feedback plays a vital role in mathematics education, guiding students toward deeper understanding and fostering a supportive learning environment. This article delves into the importance of specific and actionable feedback in mathematics education and explores strategies for both giving and receiving feedback effectively.

Understanding Feedback:

In mathematics education, feedback transcends mere praise or criticism—it is a nuanced tool for academic growth. Effective feedback should be clear, and concise, and provide guidance for improvement. It should highlight students’ strengths, address any misunderstandings, and offer actionable steps for progress.

Key Components of Effective Feedback:

Specificity: Feedback should pinpoint areas for improvement and clarify the path to success. Students need to know precisely what they need to do to enhance their understanding.

Actionability: Feedback should be actionable, outlining steps for students to move forward. This empowers students to take ownership of their learning journey.

Importance of Feedback:

Feedback serves multiple critical purposes in mathematics education:

Promoting Learning: It catalyzes academic growth by guiding students towards deeper understanding and mastery.

Building Motivation: Constructive feedback inspires students to strive for excellence and fosters a growth mindset.

Fostering Relationships: Feedback provides an opportunity for educators to connect with students on a deeper level, building trust and rapport.

The Human Element: Empathy and Trust:

Effective feedback is rooted in empathy and trust. Creating a safe and supportive learning environment is essential for feedback to be received positively. Teachers should approach feedback with empathy, avoiding emotional reactions and prioritizing the emotional well-being of their students.

Integrating Feedback into Planning:

When planning lessons, educators should:

Set Clear Goals: Define learning objectives and success criteria to guide student progress.

Anticipate Misconceptions: Be prepared to address common misunderstandings and provide targeted support.

Establish Trust: Build a culture of trust and openness in the classroom to facilitate effective feedback exchanges.

Feedback Goes Both Ways:

Teachers should be open to receiving feedback from students. Seeking feedback encourages student engagement and provides valuable insights for improving teaching practices. Additionally, teachers can infer feedback by observing students’ understanding and addressing any gaps in comprehension proactively.

Conclusion:

Feedback is a cornerstone of effective mathematics education, fostering academic growth and cultivating a supportive learning environment. By prioritizing specificity, actionability, empathy, and trust, educators can create a feedback-rich classroom where every student has the opportunity to excel in mathematics.


Can Math Help Students Become Better Engineers?

Mathematics and engineering go hand in hand. Mathematics is an essential tool for engineers and plays a crucial role in helping students become better engineers. In this article, we will explore how math helps students become better engineers.

Understanding and Applying Principles:

Engineering is all about applying scientific principles to solve real-world problems. Mathematics is the language of science, and without it, engineers would not be able to understand the fundamental principles that govern the world around us. By studying math, students learn how to analyze and solve complex problems, which is a critical skill for any engineer. Moreover, math helps students understand the fundamental concepts of physics, which is essential to many engineering fields.

Analyzing and Solving Problems:

Engineers are problem solvers, and math is an essential tool for problem-solving. Math helps students develop critical thinking skills and teaches them how to analyze and solve problems systematically. Engineers use mathematical concepts to create models, analyze data, and make predictions. These models and predictions help engineers design and build products that meet specific needs and requirements. One standard approach to building your maths skills is by participating in Olympiads such as the International Maths Olympiad Challenge.

Design and Optimization:

Designing and optimizing systems is another essential part of engineering. Math plays a critical role in helping engineers design and optimize systems. Mathematical models help engineers simulate and optimize systems to ensure that they meet specific requirements. By understanding mathematical concepts like calculus, optimization, and linear algebra, students can learn how to design and optimize complex systems.

Communication:

Engineers must be able to communicate complex technical concepts to non-technical stakeholders. Math helps students develop this skill by teaching them how to use graphs, charts, and other visual aids to communicate complex data and concepts. By using math to present data and findings, engineers can help non-technical stakeholders understand the technical aspects of their work.

Mathematics is an essential tool for engineers. By studying math, students can develop critical thinking skills, learn how to solve complex problems, and design and optimize systems. Moreover, math helps students communicate complex technical concepts to non-technical stakeholders, an essential skill for any engineer. Therefore, it is important for engineering students to have a strong foundation in mathematics. By doing so, they can become better engineers and contribute to solving the world’s complex problems.


Importance of Maths Olympiad for Your Child’s Future

Mathematics is a significant aspect of developing technological advancements in children. Understanding the logic and concept of Math is important. And so is executing them in many useful areas. To participate and prepare for the International Maths Olympiads, it is essential to study mathematics comprehensively. Math preparation will help your child handle all academic career requirements.

The International Mathematical Challenge allows your child to upskill and understand the maths competition level that is taught in the classroom. For your child’s safe and robust future, as a parent, you must encourage them to participate in the International Maths Olympiad competition. Click here to register today.

Participating in international math Olympiads can benefit a child’s future. Some of the most important benefits of participating in math Olympiads include:

Improving Problem-Solving Skills: Math Olympiads involve solving complex and challenging math problems. This helps children develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which are important for success in many fields.

Enhancing Mathematical Knowledge: Participating in math Olympiads helps children learn new mathematical concepts and ideas and strengthens their existing knowledge.

Building Confidence: Solving challenging math problems can be difficult, but participating in math Olympiads helps children build confidence in their abilities to solve difficult problems.

Boosting Academic Performance: Participation in math Olympiads can improve academic performance in mathematics and other subjects.

Opportunities for Scholarships: High-performing students in math Olympiads may be eligible for scholarships and other academic opportunities.

Exposure to New Cultures: Math Olympiads are often international events, giving children the opportunity to meet and interact with students from different countries and cultures.

EndNote

Participating in math Olympiads can help children develop valuable skills and knowledge, build confidence, improve academic performance, and open up new opportunities for scholarships and international exposure.


Tips to Improve Your Child’s Learning Skills

All kids are different and live with different skills and interests. Some kids are good at studies and some at sports, but no one can be good at everything. Many kids are good at mathematics, but many kids find maths a little confusing & challenging. There will be no other option for kids to skip this learning period; every kid has to learn all these subjects. Parents and teachers help their kids or students to learn these subjects with ease but there are a lot of ways by which students can easily enjoy these boring activities and enhance their learning skills.

Some of the ways to improve your child’s learning skills and abilities-

Visual Techniques

It’s a compelling technique to improve your kid’s learning skills. Generally, visual learners learn things by seeing what they are reading or writing. You should also provide your kid with all the tools and resources so they can learn hands-on. According to research, if kids have food like raisins or marshmallows on a daily basis, it can help them easily solve Maths Olympiad problems like addition or subtraction. This technique for addition or subtraction visually can upgrade your child’s understanding of maths skills and allow the child to become engaged in the process.

International Maths Olympiad Registration

Further, you can also register for the maths olympiad to enhance your child’s skills. These maths tests will help the child to build a positive perception regarding different subjects and enable them to think logically and achieve well in different phases of life.

Let them choose

One of the best ways for your kid to get engrossed in their studies is to let them choose their material and resources. They won’t even need to insist when they are already interested. It will be interesting for them, so they will pick up study material and read on their own. If you want your kid to solve IMO sample papers independently, you should first create interest. Allow them to pick books and find stories they can imagine.

Give them a reading book

All the kids need to know how to read, which is necessary for other learning activities. To improve a child’s performance, you should put a reading book in their room or motivate them to read books using the visualization technique. This will encourage them to read and solve IMO sample papers easily.

Create Environment

It’s essential to give them a clean and quiet environment to study so that they can give their complete focus without any distractions. Do they have proper space for books, computers, or laptops? Also, give them the required resources, like school supplies, folders, and International Maths Olympiad sample papers. So they don’t need to get up in the middle of their studies.

Allow them to ask for doubts

Your kid must feel free to ask you anything that they want. They should not hesitate to ask and provide them comfort so they can ask easily. Suppose they have any doubts in a lesson, you will be there and you should always be available for their help. This thing can also assist them to ask in their class without any hesitation.

Studying and preparing for the maths Olympiad will enhance students’ logical reasoning and thinking abilities and make them move toward strong career opportunities. If you are confused about participating in the International Maths Challenge, we are here to guide you at every step of your success. Click here to raise your query.


All You Need To Know About International Maths Olympiad Challenge

The International Math Challenge is administered across the world for students to acquire acknowledgment for their skills in mathematics. The exam is conducted at different grade levels and brings many possibilities for students to gain recognition, rewards, certificates, and even scholarships for further studies. One of the popular Maths challenges that nurture maths intellectuals is the International Math Olympiad. It is a big platform that concedes and rewards math masterminds worldwide. Candidates from more than a hundred countries join the Olympiad challenge every year.

Overview of Maths Olympiad

International Math Challenge is an ambitious exam that evaluates students for their mathematical talents and abilities. The main objective of this test is to inculcate a fierce mindset in students all over the world. Unlike school exams, Maths Olympiad tests are deliberated to unveil the real meaning of maths education. It offers a wider sight of math subjects and their empirical applications. Students who resolve problems intellectually using the acquired skills of math undoubtedly become problem-solvers.

Importance of Math Olympiad

Math Olympiad enhances the mathematical capability and competitive skills and knowledge of students. It allows them to find out their abilities and potential. Participating in such international competitive exams provides a strong fundamental for gaining an overall academic distinction. Students who participate in International Maths Olympiad acquire the confidence to answer difficult and complex questions. This gives them mastery over their competitors. Rewards and acknowledgment gained through the Maths Olympiad exam are highly beneficial in the academic portfolio and career planning of students.

Registration for Maths Olympiad

While many Maths Olympiad tests are held and administered through the school, some let children register individually. To get more information about the registration processes, students can visit our website.

Benefits of the International Maths Olympiad

Maths Olympiad is the type of platform that is excellent for enhancing the abilities and skills of your children. Students who join in Maths Olympiad exam have demonstrated increased marks in academics too. It is like an exam of a student’s mind of earlier learned concepts.

The International Maths Olympiad is an open manifesto for all students to examine their intellectual aptitude and talents. Preparing for the Maths Olympiad test qualifies students to inspect their math abilities against their fellows at school, national, and international standards. It allows students to know where they appear regarding their mathematical skills.

Finally 

Studying and preparing for the maths Olympiad will enhance the logical reasoning and thinking abilities of students and will make them move toward strong career opportunities. If you have any confusion in the process of participating in the International Maths Olympiad Challenge, we are here to guide you at every step of your success. Click here to raise your query.


Mastery Learning Vs Performance-Oriented Learning, and Why Should Teachers Care?

Generally, the occurrence of students asking this question increases with growing age. Primary students know inside out that exams are very important. Brilliant middle school students consider a connection between their test results and semester mark sheets. Ultimately, upon graduation from secondary school, students have comprehended that the totality of their learning has less value than their results in the final exams.

Performance-Oriented Learning

Exam enthusiasm is an indication of performance-oriented learning, and it is intrinsic to our recent education management that needs standards-based reporting of student results. This focuses on performance apart from the method of learning and requests comparison of procurement amongst peers.

The focus for performance-aligned students is showing their capabilities. Fascinatingly, this leads to an affection of fixed mindset characteristics such as the ignorance of challenging tasks because of fear of failure and being intimidated by the success of other students.

Mastery-Oriented Learning

Mastery learning putting down a focus on students developing their competence. Goals are pliably positioned far away from reach, pushing regular growth. The phrase “how can this be even better?” changes the concept of “good enough”. Not to be bewildered with perfectionism, a mastery approach to learning encourages development mindset qualities such as determination, hard work, and facing challenges.

Most forms of mastery learning nowadays can be discovered in the work of Benjamin Bloom in the late 1960s. Bloom saw the important elements of one-to-one teaching that take to effective benefits over group-based classrooms and inspects conveyable instructional plans. Eventually, formative assessment was defined in the circumstances of teaching and learning as a major component for tracking student performance.

So where does mastery learning position in today’s classroom? The idea of formative assessment is frequent, as are posters and discussions encouraging a growth mindset. One significant missing element is making sure that students have a deep knowledge of concepts before moving to the next.

Shifting the Needle

With the growing possibilities offered by Edtech organizations, many are beginning to look to a tech-based solution like International Maths Olympiad Challenge to provide individualized learning possibilities and prepare for the maths Olympiad. The appropriate platform can offer personalized formative assessment and maths learning opportunities.

But we should take a careful viewpoint to utilize technology as a key solution. History shows us that implementing the principles of mastery learning in part restricts potential gains. Despite assessment plans, teachers will also have to promote a mastery-orientated learning approach in their classrooms meticulously. Some strategies are:

  • Giving chances for student agency
  • Encouraging learning from flaws
  • Supporting individual growth with an effective response
  • Overlooking comparing students and track performance

We think teaching students how to learn is far more necessary than teaching them what to learn.


Five Ways to Reduce Math Anxiety in Kids: What Parents Can Do

Primary school is where it begins. This is when kids normally get introduced to math learning and when math uneasiness takes root repeatedly. Some children find math challenging yet exciting, while some find it extremely strenuous. They might feel distressed about not getting the answers correctly, or not keeping up with their levels of what the trainer or teacher is explaining.  

When kids don’t improve math learning skills at an early age, they tend to grow stress levels while doing math questions. This anxiety develops as they proceed through school and, due to the progressive structure of math, they go down further and further at the back. This generally results in hating the subject. Lack of skills and confidence in maths subjects can lead to self-hesitancy and not only below-par performance in math, but in other subjects as well.

Children who are anxious about math are expected to avoid it, which embellish a further barrier to studying math. Instead of being anxious, students should look for IMO sample papers and practice hard to participate in the International Maths Challenge and gain confidence.

Parents can play a key role in guiding to lessen their kids’ stress levels about math and develop their confidence and belief. It begins with encouraging children to learn and practice math and providing support at home. Moreover, by making Math playful and exciting at home, parents can remove negative discussions about math assignments and assure their kids to adopt a positive approach towards solving it, helping them recover their excitement and interest to learn more and grow their skills.

Some effective ways parents can reduce their kid’s math anxiety

Make math interesting at home by arranging math games and quizzes and engaging your child in math-related works around the house. 

Be up to date on your connection and viewpoint toward math. Did you know that math anxiety can be infectious? The study has shown that parents can transfer their burden and stress about math to their kids, which can lead to bad performance and marks for your kid at school. Remember that you’re not manifesting negative feelings in front of your kid. Try to develop a positive, cool attitude in front of your child. 

Reach out to your kid’s school and meet teachers to discuss how you can help your child’s math learning skills at home. There are many assets out there, including IMO sample papers by International Maths Challenge for kids to help them practice the maths concepts they’re learning at school. Ask the teacher to suggest an excellent productive resource where your kid is at in their learning. A resource that is too tough to understand can create anxiety and more hesitation!

Enhance your math skills before giving attention to your child. Use resources and IMO sample papers and practice doing math questions. Communicate with your child in a comforting, positive way about math and have daily discussions about their recent math challenges and small successes that can take them to greater heights. Help them realize that mistakes are not the end; learning opportunities are limitless.

IMC (International Maths Challenge) offers a curriculum-specific student assessment & practice resource that is created by International Maths Olympiad experts on how your children learn best and efficiently. Don’t get distracted by any usual black-and-white practice books. For more information about the maths practice, visit our website.